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    	\textsuperscript{2}Department, Institution, City, State Postcode, Country.\\
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\maketitle

\begin{abstract}
  \textit{[Suggestions: No more than 250 words. No citations. Define abbreviations at their first mention.]}
  
  The Abstract is unstructured and should provide a concise summary of the study, capturing the essence of your research in a single, fluid paragraph.
  
  \keywords{Keyword 1, keyword 2, keyword 3}
  
  \textit{[Typically, 3-8 keywords should be provided which can be used for describing the content of the manuscript and will enable the full text of the manuscript to be searchable online.]}
\end{abstract}

\section{Introduction}

The Introduction section serves to set the stage for your research by providing background information, outlining the research problem, and stating the study's objectives.

\section{Methods}

The methods section should provide a detailed description of the research design and methodologies used to conduct the study.

\subsection{Level 2 heading}

\subsubsection{Level 3 heading}

\textit{Tips:}

\begin{itemize}
	\item \textit{Research design: Specify whether the study is qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods and justify the choice.}
	\item \textit{Data collection: Describe how data were collected (e.g., experiments, simulations, site visits, design evaluations, user studies, computational modeling).}
	\item \textit{Materials and tools: List key tools, software, or materials used (e.g., CAD software, models, analytical frameworks).}
	\item \textit{Procedure: Outline the research process step by step to ensure reproducibility.}
	\item \textit{Data analysis: Explain how data were analyzed (e.g., statistical, thematic, or visual analysis methods).}
\end{itemize}

\section{Results}

The Results section should present the findings of the study in a clear and logical order, without any interpretation or speculation.

\textit{Tips:}
\begin{itemize}
	\item \textit{Report results in a logical order following research questions or hypotheses.}
	\item \textit{Quantitative studies: provide key statistics (means, percentages, confidence intervals, p-values).}
	\item \textit{Qualitative studies: summarize main themes with supporting examples or quotes.}
	\item \textit{Avoid interpretation; reserve analysis for the Discussion.}
	\item \textit{Highlight the most significant findings that support the study's conclusions.}
\end{itemize}

\textbf{Table 1} (other forms: Table 1 and Table 2), \textbf{Figure 1} (other forms: Figure 1A,B; Figure 2a,b,c; Figure 1 and Figure 2A) and \textbf{Equation (1)} [other forms: Equation (2) and Equation (3)] show the examples of diagrams. All the tables, figures and equations should be cited in sequence in the main content near to the first time they appear. For supplementary material, authors may cite table, equation and figure like \textbf{Table S1}, \textbf{Figure S1} and \textbf{Equation S(1)}. 

\begin{table}[!ht]
	\centering\small
	\caption{Power consumption analysis of our prototype for demonstration\cite{1}.\label{tab:1}}
	\begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}*{1}{lll}}
		\hline
		\textbf{Device}	&	\textbf{Power (Device)}	&	\textbf{Power consumption (Single [100, 100] POMMM)}  \\
		\hline
		Laser	&	145 W (Supplied power), 0.022 W (Output power)	&	0.306 $\mu$J \\
		ASLM1	&	18 W (Supplied power)	&	250 $\mu$J \\
		PSLM	&	18 W (Supplied power)	&	250 $\mu$J \\
		ASLM2	&	18 W (Supplied power)	&	250 $\mu$J \\
		qCMOS 	&	150 W (Supplied power)	&	12.72 $\mu$J \\
		Total	&	349 W (Supplied power)	&	763.026 $\mu$J \\
		\hline
	\end{tabular*}
	\begin{tablenotes}
		\footnotesize
		\item This part is footer. ASLM: amplitude spatial light modulator; PSLM: phase spatial light modulator; qCMOS: quantitative complementary metal oxide semiconductor camera.
	\end{tablenotes}
\end{table}

\textit{Table notes:}
\begin{itemize}
	\item \textit{Tables should be cited in numeric order and placed after the paragraph where it is first cited;}
	\item \textit{The table caption should be placed above the table and labeled sequentially (e.g., Table 1, Table 2);}
	\item \textit{Tables should be provided in editable form like DOC or DOCX format (picture is not allowed);}
	\item \textit{Abbreviations and symbols used in table should be explained in footnote;}
	\item \textit{Explanatory matter should also be placed in footnotes;}
	\item \textit{Non-English words should be avoided;}
	\item \textit{Permission for use of copyrighted materials from other sources, including re-published, adapted, modified, or partial tables from the internet, must be obtained. It is authors' responsibility to acquire the licenses, to follow any citation instruction requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.}
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[!ht]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{figures/Figure1.png}
	\caption{Principle and experimental set-up of POMMM. (a) The operation principle of POMMM. Left: the process flow of POMMM. Right: the corresponding matrix process after each step. The different colours represent different linear phase encodings. (b) Experimental set-up and corresponding matrix operations\cite{1}. C \& E: collimation and expansion; P: polarizer; PBS: polarization beam splitter; L: lens; WP: wave plate; NBS: non-polarization beam splitter; qCMOS: quantitative complementary metal oxide semiconductor camera; FT: Fourier transform.}
	\label{fig:1}
\end{figure}

\textit{Figure notes:}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Figures should be cited in numeric order (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2) and placed after the paragraph where it is first cited;
	\item Figures can be submitted in format of tiff, psd, AI or jpeg, with resolution of 300-600 dpi;
	\item The figure caption should be positioned below the figure;
	\item Diagrams containing descriptive text (such as flow charts, coordinate diagrams, bar charts, line charts, and scatter plots) should be editable in Word, Excel, or PowerPoint formats. Non-English information should be avoided;
	\item Labels, numbers, letters, arrows, and symbols within figures should be clear, uniform in size, and contrast with the background;
	\item Symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters used to identify parts of the illustrations must be identified and explained in the legend; 
	\item For figures with multiple panels, each panel should be distinctly labeled (A), (B), (C), etc;
	\item Internal scale (magnification) should be explained and the staining method in photomicrographs should be identified; 
	\item Symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters used for identification within illustrations must be clearly defined in the legend;
	\item All non-standard abbreviations should be explained in the legend; 
	\item Authors should pay attention to the protection of patients' rights, such as privacy and portrait, and obtain signed patient consent from authors before using any personal information of patients. The patient's portrait with full characters and his/her real name is not allowed for use; 
	\item Permission for use of copyrighted materials from other sources, including re-published, adapted, modified, or partial figures and images from the internet, must be obtained. It is authors' responsibility to acquire the licenses, to follow any citation instruction requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.
\end{itemize}
\begin{equation*}
	J=\frac{9}{8}\varepsilon_0\varepsilon_r\mu\frac{E^2}{L}
\end{equation*}

\textit{Equation note:}
\begin{itemize}
	\item \textit{Equations should be provided in editable form (image file format is not allowed).}
\end{itemize}

\section{Discussion}

The Discussion section is where you interpret the results and explore their implications in the context of the research questions and the broader field.

\section{Conclusion}

The conclusion should succinctly summarize the main findings of the study and their significance.

\section*{Declarations}

\subsection*{Acknowledgments}

Anyone who contributed towards the article but does not meet \href{http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html}{the criteria} for authorship, including those who provided professional writing services or materials, should be acknowledged. Authors should obtain permission to acknowledge from all those mentioned in the Acknowledgments section. This section is not added if the author does not have anyone to acknowledge.

\subsection*{Authors contribution}

Each author should have contributed significantly to the conception, design, acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data, or the creation of new software used in the work, or substantively revised the manuscript. Contributions should be indicated using Surname and Initials of Forename. 

For example: 

Single author: 

The author contributed solely to the article.

Two or more authors:

Pal U, Li M: Data analysis and interpretation.

Tian P, Bella F: Article conception and design.

…

\subsection*{Conflicts of interest}

The Conflicts of Interest section should disclose any financial or personal relationships that could potentially bias the study's findings or influence the authors' interpretation. Authors should explicitly state whether they have received funding, honoraria, or fees from organizations that may benefit from the research outcomes, or if they hold any patents or have financial interests related to the study topic. If no conflicts of interest exist, authors should explicitly state ``The authors declare no conflicts of interest." Transparency in disclosing potential conflicts ensures trustworthiness and integrity in biomedical research publications. Some authors may be restricted by confidentiality agreements; in such cases, authors should declare ``All authors declare that they are bound by confidentiality agreements preventing disclosure of conflicts of interest in this work".

\subsubsection*{Ethical approval}

Research involving human subjects, human materials, human data, and animals must adhere to the principles outlined in the \href{https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki/}{Declaration of Helsinki} and state that the study protocol was reviewed and approved by an appropriate ethics committee or institutional review board (IRB), including the name of the board and the approval number if applicable. 

\subsection*{Consent to participate}

This section should mention that consent to participate was obtained from all participants or their legal representatives, ensuring that participants were fully informed about the study's purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits before consenting to participate. 

If this issue is not applicable to the manuscript, please indicate ``Not applicable".

\subsection*{Consent for publication}

Written informed consent for the publication of any identifying information (individual details, images, or videos) or personal data included in the manuscript, should be obtained from all participants, or their legal guardians. In cases where the individual has passed away, consent must be obtained from their next of kin. This section ensures that participants are aware of how their data will be used and agree to its publication.

If this issue is not applicable to the manuscript, please indicate ``Not applicable".

\subsection*{Availability of data and materials}

Authors should declare where the data supporting their findings can be found. Data can be deposited into data repositories or published as supplementary information in the journal. Authors who cannot share their data should state that the data will not be shared and explain it. 

If a manuscript does not involve such issue, please state ``Not applicable." in this section.

\subsection*{Funding}

In this section, authors should acknowledge all financial support received for the study. This includes grants, fellowships, and any other funding sources. It should specify the names of the funding agencies, the grant numbers, and any relevant project titles. If no funding was received, this should be stated ``None" in this section.

\subsection*{Copyright}

© The Author(s) Year.

\begin{thebibliography}{00}
	\bibitem{1} Zhang Y, Liu X, Yang C, Xiang J, Yan H, Fu T, et al. Direct tensor processing with coherent light. Nat Photon. 2025;14:1-7. [DOI:10.1038/s41566-025-01799-7]
\end{thebibliography}

\section*{Publisher's Note}

Science Exploration remains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The views expressed in this article are solely those of the author(s) and do not reflect the opinions of the Editors or the publisher.

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